![]() The Cherokee people were by no means frontier savages. The Cherokee of Georgia, on the other hand, used legal action to resist. The Seminole resistance in Florida was more formidable, resulting in a war that began under Chief Osceola and lasted into the 1840s. In 1832, a group of about a thousand Sac and Fox Indians led by Chief Black Hawk returned to Illinois, but militia members easily drove them back across the Mississippi. There was little the Indians could do to defend themselves. While Jackson and other politicians attempted to put a positive spin on Indian removal in their speeches, the removal was in fact often brutal. In 1830, Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act, which forcibly relocated most members of the Native American tribes in the South to Indian Territory in the west. ![]()
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